| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
A lax action, an impure vow,
a doubtful monk's life - all this does not bring much
fruit.
yaj
kibci sithilaj
kammaj savkilitthaj
ca yaj
vataj
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Rel.Pron.n. Pron.n. Adj.n.
N.n. Adj.n.
conj. Rel.Pron.n. N.n.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg.
Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
savkassaraj
brahma+cariyaj na
taj
hoti maha+phalaj
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Adj.n.
Adj. N.n. neg. Pron.n.
V.act.in. Adj. Adj.n.
Nom.Sg.
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Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. | Nom.Sg.
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yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.
kibci: kibci-, Pron.: whatever. Nom.Sg.n. = kibci.
sithilaj: sithila-, Adj.: loose, lax. Nom.Sg.n. = sithilaj.
kammaj: kamma-,
N.n.: deed, action. Derived from the verb kar- (to do).
Nom.Sg. = kammaj.
savkilitthaj: savkilittha-, Adj.: bad, impure, unclean. It is a p.p. of the verb kilis- (to go bad, to get stained, to be impure) with the prefix sav- (altogether). Nom.Sg.n. = savkilitthaj.
ca, conj.: and.
yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Nom.Sg.n.: yaj.
vataj: vata-, N.n.: vow, religious observance. Nom.Sg.n. = vataj.
List of Abbreviations
savkassaraj: savkassara-, Adj.: doubtful, wicked. Nom.Sg.n. = savkassaraj.
brahmacariyaj: brahmacariya-,
N.n.: holy, pious or pure life. It is a compound of:
brahma-, Adj.: holy, "Brahmanic",
pious.
cariya-,
Adj.: living, acting. It is derived from the verb car- (to walk,
to act).
Nom.Sg. = brahmacariyaj.
na, neg.: not.
taj: tad-, Pron.: that. Nom.Sg.n.: taj.
hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhu- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.
mahapphalaj: mahapphala-,
Adj.: bearing much fruit. It is a compound of:
mahant-, Adj.: big, great,
much. The compound form used here: maha-.
phala-, N.n.: fruit.
Euphonic combination: maha- + phala- =
mahapphala-.
Nom.Sg.n. = mahapphalaj.
List of Abbreviations
The subject of this sentence is the
pronoun taj (that, nominative singular).
It has three attributes:
1) the noun kammaj
(action, nominative singular), with two attributes: the adjective sithilaj
(lax, nominative singular) and the phrase yaj
kibci (whatever). It consists of the
relative pronoun yaj (what, nominative
singular) and the pronoun kibci (whatever,
nominative singular).
2) the noun vataj
(vow, nominative singular), with two attributes: the past participle savkilitthaj
(impure, nominative singular) and the relative pronoun yaj
(whatever, nominative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects
this subject to the previous one.
3) the compound brahmacariyaj
(holy life, monk's life; nominative singular) with its attribute, the adjective
savkassaraj
(doubtful, nominative singular).
The verb is hoti (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The object is the adjective compound
mahapphalaj (having much fruit, nominative
singular).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 311) and the following one (DhP
313).
Again, we are reminded, that the life
of a monk is not easy. We should not think it to be very undemanding. This
life is very difficult and full of hardships. A monk must endure them all,
without trying to bend the rules of monastic conduct. Only then will the
monastic life bear the ultimate fruit - the attainment of Arahantship.
Word pronunciation:
yaj
kibci
sithilaj
kammaj
savkilitthaj
ca
vataj
savkassaraj
brahmacariyaj
brahma
cariyaj
na
taj
hoti
mahapphalaj
maha
phalaj