| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
One is not to be called Noble if he hurts living beings.
Because of non-violence towards all living beings is
one called "Noble".
na tena
ariyo hoti
yena panani
hijsati
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neg. Pron. Adj.m. V.act.in.
Rel.Pron. N.n. V.act.in.
| Ins.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
Ins.Sg. Acc.Pl. 3.Sg.pres.
|______|______|________|
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|__________|
|____|
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|__________________________|
List of Abbreviations
ahijsa
sabba+pananaj
ariyo ti pavuccati
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N.f. Adj.
N.m. Adj.m. part. V.pas.in.
Nom.Sg. | Gen.Pl.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
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|______|
|_____| |
|____________|
|_________|
|_________________________|
na, neg.: not.
tena: tad-, Pron.: it. Ins.Sg.n. = tena (by it, because of it).
ariyo: ariya-, Adj.: noble, distinguished, good. Nom.Sg.m. = ariyo.
hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhu- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.
yena: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Ins.Sg.n. = yena.
panani: pana-, N.n.: breath, life, living being. Acc.Pl. = panani.
hijsati, V.: hurts. The verb root is hijs- (to hurt). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = hijsati.
List of Abbreviations
ahijsa: ahijsa-, N.f.: non-violence, not hurting, not injuring. It is derived from the verb root hijs- (to hurt) with the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg. = ahijsa.
sabbapananaj:
sabbapana-, N.m.: all living beings.
It is a compound of:
sabba-, Adj.: all.
pana-,
N.m.: breath, life, living being.
Gen.Pl. = sabbapananaj.
ariyo: see above.
ti, part.: a particle, symbolizing the end of direct speech. In English this is expressed by quotation marks. Sometimes it is written as iti.
pavuccati, V,: is called. It is a passive form of the verb root vac- (to say), with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = pavuccati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) na tena ariyo hoti yena panani
hijsati (one is not to be called Noble
if he hurts living beings). This can be analysed into two parts:
a) na tena ariyo hoti (one
is not to be called Noble). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the
third person singular pronoun. The verb is hoti (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The object is the noun ariyo
(Noble, nominative singular). The pronoun tena (by that, instrumental
singular) connects this segment to the following one.
b) yena panani
hijsati (if he hurts living beings). The
subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun.
The verb is hijsati (hurts, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the
noun panani (living beings, accusative
plural). The relative adverb yena (by which, because; instrumental
singular) connects this segment to the previous one.
2) ahijsa
sabbapananaj
ariyo ti pavuccati ([because of] non-violence towards all living beings
is [one] called "Noble"). The subject is the noun ahijsa
(non-violence, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the compound
sabbapananaj
(of all living beings, genitive plural). The verb is pavuccati (is
called, 3rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present tense).
The object is the adjective ariyo (Noble, nominative singular).
It is modified by the particle ti (quotation marks).
There was a fisherman named Ariya living
in Savatthi. Once while he was fishing, the
Buddha and some monks went around. Ariya got up and paid his respects to
the Buddha, who asked him about his name. When replied, the Buddha spoke
this verse, saying that he was not worthy to be called Ariya ("Noble")
if he harmed living beings.
Ariya understood and attained the
first level of Awakenment.
Word pronunciation:
na
tena
ariyo
hoti
yena
panani
hijsati
ahijsa
sabbapananaj
sabba
pananaj
ti
pavuccati