Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Wrong conduct is the stain of a woman. Stinginess is the
stain of a donor.
Evil things are impure - in this world as well as in
the other one.
malaj
itthiya duccaritaj
maccheraj dadato malaj
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N.n.
N.f. N.n.
N.n. Adj.m. N.n.
Nom.Sg. Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
Gen.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
mala
ve papaka
dhamma asmij
loke paramhi ca
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Adj.m. part. Adj.m.
N.m. Pron.m. N.m. Adj.m.
conj.
Nom.Pl. | Nom.Pl.
Nom.Pl. Loc.Sg. Loc.Sg. Loc.Sg. |
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malaj: mala-, N.n.: impurity, stain, dirt. Nom.Sg. = malaj.
itthiya: itthi-,
N.f.: woman. Gen.Sg. = itthiya.
Euphonic combination: malaj
+ itthiya = malitthiya
(because of metrical requirements).
duccaritaj: duccarita-,
Adj.: wrong-conduct, wrong action. It is the word carita-, N.n.:
action, conduct (originally it is the p.p. of the verb root car-,
to walk, to act), with the prefix du- (wrong, bad).
Acc.Sg. = duccaritaj.
maccheraj: macchera-, N.n.: avarice, stinginess, envy. Nom.Sg. = maccheraj.
dadato: dadant-, Adj.: giver, donor. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root da- (to give). Gen.Sg.m. = dadato.
malaj: see above.
mala: mala-, Adj.: dirty, stained, impure. Nom.Pl.m. = mala.
List of Abbreviations
ve, part.: indeed.
papaka: papaka-, Adj.: evil, bad. It is the word papa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing with the adjective suffix -ka. Nom.Pl.m. = papaka.
dhamma: dhamma-, N.m.: here does not mean Buddha's teaching, but should be interpreted rather as "state" or even more generally "thing". Nom.Pl. = dhamma.
asmij: idaj-, Pron.: this. Loc.Sg.m. = asmij.
loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.
paramhi: para-, Adj.: different, other. Loc.Sg.m. = paramhi.
ca, conj.: and.
List of Abbreviations
This sentence consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are
1) malitthiya
duccaritaj (wrong conduct is the stain
of a woman). The subject is the noun duccaritaj
(wrong conduct, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the
verb "to be". The object is the malaj
(stain, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun itthiya
(of a woman, genitive singular).
2) maccheraj
dadato malaj (stinginess is the stain
of a donor). The subject is the noun maccheraj
(stinginess, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb
"to be". The object is the malaj (stain,
nominative singular). It has an attribute, the active present participle
dadato (of a giving one, genitive singular).
3) mala
ve papaka dhamma
asmij loke paramhi ca (evil things are
impure - in this world as well as in the other one). The subject is the
noun dhamma (things, nominative plural).
It has an attribute, the adjective papaka
(evil, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
It has an attribute, the noun loke (in the world, locative singular).
This word has two attributes, the pronoun asmij
(in this, locative singular) and the adjective paramhi (in the other,
locative singular). They are connected by the conjunction ca (and).
The object is the adjective mala (impure,
nominative plural). The particle ve (indeed) serves mainly for metrical
purposes.
A certain woman committed adultery.
Her husband was very ashamed and he avoided his friends and the Buddha.
But after some time he came to see the Buddha and told him about his trouble.
The Buddha told him this verse (and the following one, DhP 243), saying
that all these taints originate from ignorance.
Word pronunciation:
malaj
itthiya
duccaritaj
maccheraj
dadato
mala
ve
papaka
dhamma
asmij
loke
paramhi
ca