| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Victory produces hatred. Defeated one dwells in pain.
Tranquil one dwells happily, having renounced both victory
and defeat.
jayaj
veraj pasavati dukkhaj
seti parajito
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N.n.
N.n. V.act.in. Adv. V.act.in.
Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. |
3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
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|___________|
List of Abbreviations
upasanto sukhaj
seti hitva jaya+parajayaj
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Adj.m. Adv. V.act.in.
V.ger. N.n. N.n.
Nom.Sg. |
3.Sg.pres. |
| Acc.Sg.
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jayaj: jaya-, N.n.: victory. It is derived from the verb root ji- (to win). Nom.Sg. = jayaj.
veraj: vera-, N.n.: hatred, enmity. Acc.Sg. = veraj.
pasavati, V.: produce, bring forth, give birth. The verb root is su- (to flow) with the prefix strengthening pa-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = pasavati.
dukkhaj, Adv.: painfully,
with suffering. It is derived from the word dukkha-, N.n.: suffering.
Acc.Sg. = dukkhaj.
Here as an adverb.
seti, V.: lays, dwells. The verb root is si- (to lay). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = seti.
parajito: parajita-, Adj.: defeated. It is a p.p. of the verb root ji- (to win) withj the prefix para- (over). Nom.Sg.m. = parajito.
List of Abbreviations
upasanto: upasanta-, Adj.: calmed, tranquil. It is a p.p. of the verb sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards, up). Nom.Sg.m. = upasanto.
sukhaj, Adv.: happily. It is the word sukha-, N.n.: happiness. Acc.Sg. = sukhaj. Here as an adverb.
seti: see above.
hitva, V.ger.: having renounced, having left behind. It is a ger. of the verb ha- (to abandon, to leave).
jayaparajayaj:
jayaparajaya-, N.n.: victory and defeat.
It is a compound of:
jaya-, N.n.: victory (see jayaj
above).
parajaya-,
N.n.: defeat (see parajito above).
Acc.Sg. = jayaparajayaj.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) jayaj
veraj pasavati (victory produces hatred).
The subject of this sentence is the noun jayaj
(victory, nominative singular). The verb is pasavati (produces,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The
object is the noun veraj (hatred, accusative
singular).
2) dukkhaj
seti parajito (defeated one dwells in
pain). The subject is the adjective parajito
(defeated one, nominative singular). The verb is seti (dwells, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The verb has an attribute,
the adverb dukkhaj (in pain).
3) upasanto sukhaj
seti hitva jayaparajayaj
(tranquil one dwells happily, having renounced both victory and defeat).
This can be further subdivided into two sentences:
a) upasanto sukhaj
seti (tranquil one dwells happily). The subject is the adjective upasanto
(tranquil one, nominative singular). The verb is seti (dwells, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The verb has an attribute,
the adverb sukhaj (happily).
b) hitva
jayaparajayaj
(having renounced both victory and defeat). The subject is the word upasanto
from the previous sentence. The verb is in gerund, hitva
(having renounced). The object is the compound jayaparajayaj
(victory and defeat, accusative singular).
King Ajatasattu
was the son of King Bimbisara and Queen Vedehi,
the sister of the King of Kosala. Ajatasattu
and the King of Kosala went to war three times. The King of Kosala was
always defeated. Because of this, he was very depressed. He lamented that
it was a terrible disgrace; he was not able to defeat Ajatasattu,
who was very young and inexperienced. The King refused to eat and just
stayed in his bed all the time.
When the Buddha learned about this,
he admonished him with this verse. The King realized there was no victory
in war and became the Buddha's devoted follower.
Word pronunciation:
jayaj
veraj
pasavati
dukkhaj
seti
parajito
upasanto
sukhaj
hitva
jayaparajayaj
jaya
parajayaj