渚濅富閲嬫湯灏句箣銆岄檮灞瓧銆

閬庡幓涓诲嫊鍒嗚 (Past Participles Active)

鐝惧湪琚嫊鍒嗚 (Present Passive Participles)

鏈締涓诲嫊鍒嗚(Future Active Participles)

 

 

 

澹光т緷涓婚噵鏈熬涔嬨岄檮灞瓧銆(Dependent Words)

锛戯紟瑾槑锛

 

鏌愪簺瀛椾笉鑳藉柈鐛ㄤ娇鐢紝鑰屽彧鑳界敤鍦ㄣ岃鍚堣(Compound)(渚濅富閲)鐨勬湯灏撅紝

閫欎簺瀛楀氨绋辩偤銆岄檮灞瓧銆(Dependent words)銆傚畠鍊戦氬父鏄敱鍕曡銆屽瓧鏍广

琛嶇敓鍑轰締锛岃岃綁鐐恒屽悕瑭炪嶏紝缇╄瑐銆岃┎鍕曚綔鏈韩銆嶆垨銆岃┎鍕曚綔鐨勪綔鑰呫嶏紝

浠ヤ笅渚挎槸涓浜涗緥瀛愩

 

锛掞紟绀轰緥锛

 

 

(1) -kara < kar (doing, working)

kammakaro = 闆滃焦銆佸偔浜 (worker, doer of work)

 

 

(2) -kara < kar Cau. 瑁介 (making)

kumbhakaro = 闄跺斧銆侀櫠宸 (potter, maker of pot)

 

 

(3) -(g)gaha < (g)gah 鍩枫佸彇 (seizing)

candaggaho = 鏈堣潟 (eclipse of the moon)

 

 

(4) -dhara < dhar (holding, remembering)

dhammadharo = 鎸佹硶甯 (memorizer of the doctrine)

 

 

(5) -pata < pat Cau. (dropping, offering, collecting)

pindapado = 渚涢銆佷篂椋 (alms offering, alms collecting)

(6) -ji < ji (winning, victorious)

savgamaji = 鎴板嫕鑰 (victorious in fight)

sabbaji = 涓鍒囧嫕鑰(闃跨緟婕) (all-conqueror)

assaji = 闃胯绀恒侀Μ鍕 (浣涘紵瀛愬悕)

 

 

(7) -ga < gam (going)

urago = 鑳歌鑰呫佽泧 (going on the chest, i.e. a snake)

 

 

(8) -gu < gam(閫氥侀仈) (having gone through, being skilled or perfected in)

dhammagu = 鐭ユ硶鑰 (one who knows the Dhamma)

vedagu = 閫氶仈鑰(闃跨緟婕) (one who has attained the highest
knowledge)

 

 

(9) -(b)bu < (b)ba (knowing, recognizing)

kalabbu = (閬)鏅傝 (knowing the proper time for 鈥)

sabbabbu = 涓鍒囩煡鑰 (all-knowing, the Omniscent One)

 

 

(10) -(t)tha < (t)tha浣忋佺珛 (lasting, standing)

kappattha = (鍦扮崉)涓鍔 (remaining (in hell) for a world cycle)

dhammattho = 娉曚綇鑰 (standing in the Law, just, righteous)

 

 

(11) -ja < jan (born, produced, arisen from)

yonija 鑳庣敓 (born from the womb)

varija 姘寸敓鐨 (鎸囪摦鎴栭瓪) (water-born, i.e. a lotus or a fish)

 

 

璨斥ч亷鍘讳富鍕曞垎瑭 (Past Participles Active)

锛戯紟銆屾鎴愩嶈垏銆岃獮灏捐畩鍖栥嶏細

 

 

(1) 妲嬫垚锛A.

-(i)ta绲愬熬鐨勯亷鍘诲垎瑭(pp.)

-vant(a) -avin

 

B.

 

 

 

瀹屾垚寮(perf.) 瑾炲熀

-vas

 

(2) 瑾炲熬璁婂寲锛氳垏瀛愰煶绲愬熬鐨勮獮灏捐畩鍖栫浉鍚岋紝鍗冲垎鍒ラ毃銆-ant(a), ppr.
-in銆嶅強銆-as銆嶈畩鍖栥

 

锛掆у瓧渚嬶細

 

(1) pp. -vant(a) -avin

 

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 瀛楁牴 閬庡幓鍒嗚pp.聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -vant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -avin

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聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kar聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kata聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (katavant)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 katavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kil聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kilita聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 --聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kilitavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 da聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dinna聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (dinnavant)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 --

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 phus聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 phuttha聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (phutthavant)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 --

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhuj聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhutta聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhuttavant聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhuttavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vi-ji聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vijita聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (vijitavant)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vijitavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vas聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vusita聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vusitavant聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (vusitavin)

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 sam聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 samita聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 --聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 samitavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 su聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 suta聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 sutavant聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 sutavin

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 hu聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 huta聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (hutavant)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 (hutavin)

 

( ) 涓殑瑾炲舰鍒楁柤鏂囨硶鏇革紝浣嗕笁钘忎腑鏈壘鍒帮紝鏆瓨鐤戙

 

(2) perf. -vas

 

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 瀛楁牴聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 瀹屾垚寮聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -vas / -dasu / -u

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聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dis,das聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dassi聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dassivas

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vid聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vida聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 vidvas, viddasu, vidu

锛擄紟鎰忕京锛氳〃绀恒岄亷鍘汇佷富鍕曘嶇殑鍕曚綔銆

 

锛旓紟鐢ㄦ硶锛氬彲浣溿屽悕瑭炪嶃併屽舰瀹硅銆嶆垨銆屽嫊瑭炪(姝ゆ檪鍙付鍙楄)

 

鈥溾 Lokassa antam samitavi batva nasimsati lokam imam parab ca鈥漷i =銆屾礊瑕

涓栭枔閭婏紝瀵傝涓嶅笇姹傦紝姝や笘鑸囦粬涓栥傘(瀵傞潨鑰呮礊瑕嬨庝笘闁撻倞鐩(绌舵サ)

涔嬪緦锛屼笉鏈冨笇姹傛涓栬垏浠栦笘銆傘) (鈥淗aving known the world鈥檚 end, a

calmed one longeth not for this world or another.鈥) (A.II.p.49.L5-6, 澧炴敮

閮ㄢх浜屽唺/鍥涢泦鈥х浜旇丹棣搧)

Atha kho Bhagavato Cundassa kammara-puttassa bhattaj bhuttavissa kharo

abadho uppajji = 閭f檪锛屼笘灏鍚冧簡閻靛尃涔嬪瓙绱旈檧(渚涢)椋熺墿涔嬪緦锛屼究

鐢熶簡閲嶇梾銆 (And after having eaten the meal provided by Cunda, the Lord

was attacked by a severe sickness) (D.II.p.127.2-3)

 

 

鍙冣х従鍦ㄨ鍕曞垎瑭 (Present Passive Participles)

锛戯紟妲嬫垚锛氬嵆銆岃鍕曞嫊瑭炪嶇殑銆岀従鍦ㄥ垎瑭炪

 

琚嫊鍕曡銆岃獮鍩恒

鐝惧湪鍒嗚瑾炲熬 -nt(a), -mana -ana

 

锛掞紟瑾炲熬璁婂寲锛氶毃瀛愰煶绲愬熬鐨勩-ant, ppr.銆嶆垨姣嶉煶绲愬熬鐨勩-a銆嶈畩鍖栥

 

锛撯у瓧渚嬶細

 

聽聽聽聽聽 瀛楁牴聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 琚嫊鍕曡聽聽聽聽聽聽 -nt(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -mana聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -ana

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聽聽聽聽聽 kar聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kariya-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 kariyamana

聽聽聽聽聽 pucch 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 pucchiya-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 pucchiyana

 

聽聽聽聽聽 瀛楁牴聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 琚嫊鍕曡聽聽聽聽聽聽 -nt(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -mana聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -ana

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聽聽聽聽聽 labh聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 labbha-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 labbhamana

聽聽聽聽聽 muc聽聽聽 瑙h劔聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 mucca-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 muccant(a)聽聽聽聽聽 muccamana

聽聽聽聽聽 bhaj聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhajja-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhajjant(a)聽聽聽聽聽 bhajjamana

聽聽聽聽聽 yac聽聽聽 涔炴眰聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 yaciya-ti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 yaciyant(a)聽聽聽聽聽 yaciyamana

 

 

锛旓紟鐢ㄦ硶锛氳垏銆岀従鍦(涓诲嫊)鍒嗚銆嶇浉鍚岋紝浣嗘槸锛岃〃閬旂殑鏄岃鍕曘嶇京銆

 

锛曪紟渚嬪瓙锛

 

Atha kho Bhagava 鈥 tam bhikkhum patipucchi : 鈥渟accam kira tvam bhikkhu

parissavanam yaciyamano na adasi 鈥漷i = 鏂兼槸锛屼笘灏璩晱閭d綅姣斾笜

锛氥屾瘮涓橈紒鑱借鏈(浣嶆瘮涓樺悜浣)()婵炬按鍥婏紝浣犳矑绲︿粬锛岄欐槸鐪熺殑鍡

锛熴(Then the Lord 鈥 questioned this monk, saying : 鈥淚s it true, as is said,

that you, monk, when being asked for a strainer, did not give it 鈥)

(Vin.II.p.118.L31-34, 寰嬭棌鈥у皬鍝佲у皬浜嬬妽搴)

 

 

鑲嗏ф湭渚嗕富鍕曞垎瑭 (Future Active Participles)

锛戯紟妲嬫垚锛氬嵆銆屾湭渚嗗紡鍕曡銆嶇殑銆岀従鍦ㄥ垎瑭炪

 

鏈締寮忓嫊瑭炪岃獮鍩恒

鐝惧湪鍒嗚瑾炲熬 -nt(a) -mana

 

 

锛掞紟瑾炲熬璁婂寲锛氶毃瀛愰煶绲愬熬鐨勩-ant, ppr.銆嶆垨姣嶉煶绲愬熬鐨勩-a銆嶈畩鍖栥

 

锛撯у瓧渚嬶細

 

瀛楁牴 鏈締寮忓嫊瑭 3pl. -nt(a) -mana

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聽聽聽聽聽 kar聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 karissa-nti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 karissant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 karissamana

聽聽聽聽聽 gam聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 gamissa-nti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 gamissant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 gamissamana

聽聽聽聽聽 da聽聽聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dassa-nti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dassant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 dassamana

聽聽聽聽聽 pass聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 passissa-nti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 passissant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 passissamana

聽聽聽聽聽 bhu聽聽聽 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhavissa-nti聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhavissant(a)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 bhavissamana

 

 

锛旓紟鐢ㄦ硶锛氳垏銆岀従鍦(涓诲嫊)鍒嗚銆嶅悓锛屼絾鏄紝琛ㄩ仈鐨勬槸銆屾湭渚嗐嶇京銆