褰㈠瑭 (Adjectives)

绗笁椤炲嫊瑭 (Third Conjugation)

-na 绲愬熬鐨勯亷鍘诲垎瑭 (Past Participles in -na)

(d)dis gam 鐨勯亷鍘诲紡 (Aorist )

 

 

 

澹光у舰瀹硅 (Adjectives)

锛愶紟-a 绲愬熬鐨勫舰瀹硅 (Adjectives in -a)

 

akusala 涓嶅杽鐨勩佹儭 (bad)

atita 閬庡幓 (past)

ananta 鐒¢倞鐨勩佺劇闄愮殑 (infinite)

anicca 鐒″父 (impermanent)

iddha 鑸堢洓銆佸挤澶 (powerful)

kanta 鍙剾鐨勩侀仼鎰忕殑 (lovely, agreeable)

kalyana 缇庣殑銆佸杽() (beautiful, good)

kusala 鍠勭殑銆佸杽宸х殑 (good)

dakkhina 鍙炽佸崡閭婄殑 (right, southern)

dhuva 甯告亞銆佸爡鍥虹殑 (stable, fixed)

nicca (permanent)

pacchima 寰岀殑銆佽タ鐨 (last, western)

pahuta 澶氥佸唬澶с佸唬闀 (much, many)

piya 鍙剾鐨 (dear)

phita 绻佹Ξ鐨勩佸瘜瑁曠殑 (prosperous)

vama 宸﹂倞鐨 (left)

sassata 鎭嗗父鐨 (eternal)

sukara 瀹规槗鐨 (easy)

sukha 蹇▊鐨 (happy)

 

 

锛戯紟褰㈠瑭炵殑瑾炲熬璁婂寲 (Ending)

 

 

(1) 淇>銆屽柈涓鍚嶈銆嶇殑鎯呮硜锛

 

鎬с佹暩銆佹牸闋堣垏鎵淇>鐨勫悕瑭炰竴鑷达紝渚濄m.-a, n.-a, f.-a銆嶈畩鍖栥

 

kusalo puriso kusalam phalam labhati = 鍠勪汉寰楀杽鏋 (good man

obtains good result)

 

 

(2) 淇>銆屽鍊嬪悕瑭炪嶇殑鎯呮硜锛

 

鐣跺舰瀹硅鎵淇>鐨勫鍊嬪悕瑭炪屾с嶆垨銆屾暩銆嶄笉鍚屾檪锛

 

(a) 濡備綍瑙f焙銆屾暩銆嶇殑琛濈獊锛(瑕佹帯鍠暩閭勬槸瑜囨暩锛)

 

鈥у彲鑳介毃銆屾墍鏈夊悕瑭炵殑鏁哥洰鍜屻嶏紝鍗崇敤銆岃鏁搞嶏紱

鈥ф垨鑰呴毃銆屾渶杩戠殑鍚嶈銆嶏紱

鈥ф垨鑰呮妸鎵鏈夊悕瑭炶鐐恒屼竴鍊嬮泦鍚堛嶏紝鑰岀敤銆屽柈鏁搞嶃

 

 

(b) 濡備綍瑙f焙銆屾у垾銆嶇殑琛濈獊锛(瑕侀毃鍝嬫у垾璁婂寲锛)

 

鈥т腑鎬 > 鐢锋 > 濂虫с ( 鈥>鈥 琛ㄧず銆屽劒鏂笺)

 

锛掞紟褰㈠瑭炵殑涓鑸綅缃

 

 

(1) 閫氬父鏀惧悕瑭炲墠 (鑸囥屼綔鐐轰慨椋捐獮鐨勫悕瑭炪attribute noun鐩稿弽)

 

akusalam kammam = 涓嶅杽妤 (bad action)

 

 

(2) 澶氬嬪舰瀹硅淇>涓鍊嬪悕瑭炴檪锛屼竴鍊嬫斁瑭插悕瑭炲墠锛屽叾椁樻斁瑭插悕瑭炲緦銆

 

Ramaniya vata bho dosina ratti abhirupa dassaniya. = 澶у痉锛(閫欐槸鍊)

澶氶杭浠や汉姝″枩銆佸楹肩編濂姐佸楹肩編楹楃殑鏄庢湀澶滃晩锛 ( O Sir, how

pleaseant, perfect, beautiful, is the moonlight night !)

 

 

(3) 鑻ユ湁銆屾寚绀轰唬鍚嶈銆嶈垏澶氬嬪舰瀹硅鍚屾檪淇>涓鍊嬪悕瑭炴檪锛屽墖鎸囩ず浠

鍚嶈鏀炬渶鍓嶉潰銆

 

 

锛擄紟鍋氳堪瑾炵敤鐨(Predicated)褰㈠瑭 (寮疯銆鐨勭敤娉)

 

(1) 鐣跺舰瀹硅銆屽緦缃(鍗炽屽悕瑭 + 褰㈠瑭炪)鏅傦紝褰㈠瑭炶鐐哄悕瑭炰箣

杩拌獮锛岃〃绀恒屽挤瑾垮舰瀹硅銆嶃

 

mala kalyana = 閫欒姳楝樼湡鏄編楹 (the garland which is beautiful)

 

 

(2) 鐣跺彞瀛愭矑鏈夊嫊瑭炴檪锛屻屽墠缃嶅舰瀹硅锛堝嵆銆屽舰瀹硅 + 鍚嶈銆嶏級锛

浜﹁鐐鸿堪瑾烇紝琛ㄧず銆屽挤瑾垮舰瀹硅銆嶃

 

Subbo loko subbo loko ti bhante vuccati. Kittavata nu kho bhante subbo

loko ti vuccati = 灏婂斧锛佹墍璎傘屼笘闁撴槸锛屼笘闁撴槸銆嶏紝

灏婂斧锛佸埌搴曟庢ǎ鏄墍璎傘屼笘闁撴槸銆嶏紵 ( ' Void is the world !

Void is the world ! ' is the saying, lord. Pray, lord, how far does this

saying go ) (S.IV.p.54.L3-4,)

 

锛旓紟瑭為杞夋彌

 

 

(1) 閬庡幓鍒嗚 (pp.) 鍙綁浣滃舰瀹硅锛屼絾鏄剰缇╁彲鑳芥渻绋嶇偤杞夎畩銆

 

 

dis > dittha = 鍙鐨 (visible)

 

(2) 褰㈠瑭炲ぇ澶氬彲杞変綔銆屾娊璞″悕瑭炪嶏紝姝ゆ檪鍙栥屼腑鎬у柈鏁搞嶃

 

 

kusalam = (the good) , sukham = (happiness)

 

 

璨斥х涓夐鍕曡 (Third Conjugation)

锛戯紟绗笁椤炲嫊瑭炵殑妲嬫垚锛

 

 

(鎺ラ牠瑭 +) 瀛楁牴 + ya + ti

鎺ュ熬瑭 鍕曡瑾炲熬

 

锛掞紟鐩磋娉曠従鍦ㄥ紡鐨勫嫊瑭炶獮灏

 

 

< man >

sg.

pl.

 

3rd.

mab-ba-ti

()

mab-ba-nti

(浠栧)

 

2nd.

mab-ba-si

()

mab-ba-tha

(浣犲)

 

1st.

mab-ba-mi

()

mab-ba-ma

(鎴戝)

 

銆愭敞銆戯細1. ya y 甯歌瀛楁牴鐨勩屾湯灏惧瓙闊炽嶅悓鍖栵紝鑰岀湅涓嶅嚭渚嗭紝濡傦細

 

-n + ya > bba , -c + ya > cca

-d + ya > jja , -dh + ya > jjha

 

2. 姝ら鍕曡瑾炲舰鑸囥岃鍕曟厠銆(passive)寰堝儚锛屽父涓嶆槗鍒嗚鲸锛岄爤渚濆墠

寰屾枃鍒ゆ柗銆傚锛rukkham chijjati = 浠栫爫妯 (he cuts down a tree,

涓诲嫊鎱)rukkha chijjanti = 瑷卞妯硅鐮嶅 (trees are cut down,

琚嫊鎱)

 

锛擄紟绗笁椤炲嫊瑭炵ず渚嬶細

 

chid > chijjati 浠栨柗闄 (he cuts)

jan > jayati 浠栧嚭鐢 (he is born,涓嶈鍓)

a-da > adiyati 浠栧彇 (he takes,涓嶈鍓,寮卞寲)

a-pad > apajjati 浠栫嵅寰 (he gets)

u(d)-pad > uppajjati 瀹冪敓璧 (it happens)

upa-pad > upapajjati 浠栬綁鐢 (he is reborn)

upa-sam-pad > upasampajjati 浠栧叆銆佹垚灏便佸叿瓒 (he enters, he is

endowed with)

ni-pad > nipajjati 浠栬汉涓 (he lies down)

pati-pad > patipajjati 浠栬銆佽笎 (he engages in, he follows,

practices, behaves)

vi-muc > vimuccati 浠栬В鑴 (he is freed)

ni-rudh > nirujjhati 瀹冩鎭佹粎 (it stops, it ceases)

vid > vijjati 瀹冨瓨鍦 (it is, it occurs, it is found)

budh > bujjhati 浠栬鎮 (he enlightens)

 

锛旓紟闂滄柤 thanam,vijjati 鐨勬叄鐢ㄨ獮 (鏄檿/闈炶檿)

 

 

(1) 鈥 ... 鈥 ti thanam etam vijjati =......銆嶏細閫欑ó鎯呮硜鏄彲鑳界殑(瀛樺湪鐨勩佽兘

琚櫦鐝剧殑) = this /it is possible (this place is found,it is the case) (鍙よ

蹇呮湁鏄檿)

 

(2) 鈥 ... 鈥 ti n' etam thanam vijjati =......銆嶏細閫欑ó鎯呮硜鏄笉鍙兘鐨(涓嶅瓨鍦

鐨勩佷笉鑳借鐧肩従鐨) = this is impossible (this place is not found, it is not the

case) (鍙よ锛氱祩鐒℃槸铏)

 

So vata Cunda attana palipapalipanno param palipapalipannam uddharissatkti

n' etam thanam vijjati. So vata Cunda attana apalipapalipanno param pali-

papalipannam uddharissatkti thanam - etam vijjati. = 鍛ㄩ偅锛併屼竴鍊嬩汉鑷

宸遍櫡鏂兼偿娌硷紝鑰岃鏁戝嚭鍏朵粬闄锋柤娉ユ布鐨勪汉銆嶏紞锛閫欐槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑銆傚懆閭o紒

銆屼竴鍊嬩汉鑷繁鏈櫡娉ユ布锛岃岃鏁戝嚭鍏朵粬闄锋柤娉ユ布鐨勪汉銆嶏紞锛閫欐墠鍙兘

(Cunda,that one who is himself sinking in the mud should pull out another who

is sinking in the mud is impossible; Cunda,that one who is not himself sinking

in the mud should pull out another who is sinking in the mud is possible.)

(娉細uddharissati 銆屾媺鍑恒嶏紝鏈締寮忥紝鍙〃绀恒屽彲鑳姐嶅吋鍙娿屾剰蹇椼嶏紝

鏁呰浣溿岃鏁戝嚭銆) (M.I.p.45.L3-6,鍓婃笡缍)

So vata Cunda attana adanto avinito aparinibbuto param damessati vinessati

parinibbapessatkti n' etam thanam vijjati. So vata Cunda attana danto

vinito parinibbuto param damessati vinessati parinibbapessatkti thanam -

etam vijjati. = 鍛ㄩ偅锛併屼竴鍊嬩汉鑷繁灏氭湭瑾跨Ζ銆佸皻鏈浼忋佸皻鏈竟搴曟

鎭紙鐓╂儽锛夛紝鑰岃浠や粬浜鸿绂︺佽浼忋佸竟搴曟鎭紙鐓╂儽锛夈嶏紞锛閫欐槸涓

鍙兘鐨銆傚懆閭o紒銆屼竴鍊嬩汉鑷繁宸茬稉瑾跨Ζ銆佸凡缍撹浼忋佸凡缍撳竟搴曟鎭紙鐓

鎯憋級锛岃岃浠や粬浜鸿绂︺佽浼忋佸竟搴曟鎭紙鐓╂儽锛夈嶏紞锛閫欐墠鍙兘

(Cunda, that one who is himself untamed,undiscipline, [with defilements] un-

extinguished, should tame another, displine him, and help extinguish [his de-

filements] is impossible; Cunda, that one who is himself tamed, disciplined, [

with defilements] extinguished, should tame another, displine him, and help

extinguish [his defilements] is possible.) (娉細parinibbuta, pp. < pari-ni(r)-

va 闊宠銆岃埇--妲冦嶏紝鎰忚銆屽畬鍏-鎭粎銆佸竟搴-姝㈡伅銆) (M.I.p.45.L6-

10,鍓婃笡缍)

 

 

鍙冣-na 绲愬熬鐨勯亷鍘诲垎瑭 (Past Participles in -na)

閬庡幓鍒嗚闄や簡濡傜涓冪珷鎵杩帮紝鍙互鐢便屽瓧鏍广嶅姞銆屾帴灏捐銆-ta, -ita妲嬫垚涔嬪

锛屼篃鍙姞鎺ュ熬瑭 -na銆傝ū澶氱涓夐鍕曡鐨勯亷鍘诲垎瑭為兘灞緦闈竴椤烇紝浠ヤ笅渚挎槸

涓浜涗緥瀛愩璜嬫敞鎰锛氬瓧鏍规湯灏剧殑瀛愰煶閬囧埌 na 鏅傦紝甯告渻鍚屽寲(assimilation)

nna

 

chid chinna 宸叉柗锛岃鏂 (cut off)

da dinna 宸叉柦锛岃鏂 (given) (a寮卞寲鐐i, in > inn)

a-pad apanna (possessing, having)

u(d)-pad uppanna 宸茬敓 (happened, arisen)

upa-pad upapanna 宸茶綁鐢熴佸凡鐢 (transmigrated, reborn, arisen)

pati-pad patipanna 琛屻佸韪 (engaged in, following, practising)

sam-pad sampanna 鍏疯冻銆佹湁 (endowed with, having)

bhid bhinna 宸茬牬銆佸凡鐮村 (divided, split)

ni-sid nisinna 宸插潗 (seated)

ha hina 宸叉崹銆佸凡闆紝琚崹銆佽闆 (diminished,

eliminated) (a寮卞寲鐐 i)

 

 

鑲嗏(d)disgam鐨勯亷鍘诲紡 (Aorist or Past Tense)

锛戯紟(d)dis < drw = (to see)锛屽叾閬庡幓寮忓彇瀛楁牴 (d)das锛屼笖鏈夈屾摯澧炪(

鏍瑰墠鍔a)锛屽叾瀛楀熬鐐轰互 a-/a- 闁嬮牠鐨勪竴绲(椤炰技姊垫枃a-aorist)銆傛暣鍊嬭獮灏

璁婂寲濡備笅锛

 


 

 

< (d)dis >

sg.

pl.

 

3rd.

a-d-das-a

(浠栭偅鏅傝)

a-d-das-amsu

a-d-das-asum

(浠栧戦偅鏅傝)

 

2nd.

a-d-das-a

(浣犻偅鏅傝)

a-d-das-atha

(浣犲戦偅鏅傝)

 

1st.

a-d-das-am

(鎴戦偅鏅傝)

a-d-das-ama

(鎴戝戦偅鏅傝)

 

 

锛掞紟gam = (to go)锛屽叾閬庡幓寮忓父鐢紝浣嗕笉瑕忓墖锛屽瓧鏍瑰墠鏈夈屾摯澧炪嶏紝

瀛楀熬鏈夊彇a- 闁嬮牠鐨( -a)锛屾湁鍙i(s)- 闁嬮牠鐨(-ittha)锛屼篃鏈夊彇 a-

s(i) - 娣峰悎鐨(-asi,-asim,-amsu,-amha)銆傛暣鍊嬭獮灏捐畩鍖栧涓嬶細

 

 

 

< gam >

sg.

pl.

 

3rd.

a-gam-asi

(浠栭偅鏅傚幓)

a-gam-amsu

(浠栧戦偅鏅傚幓)

 

2nd.

a-gam-a

(浣犻偅鏅傚幓)

(a-gam-ittha)

(浣犲戦偅鏅傚幓)

 

1st.

a-gam-asim

(鎴戦偅鏅傚幓)

a-gam-amha

(鎴戝戦偅鏅傚幓)

 

v